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"930414.DFC" (36974 bytes) was created on 04-14-93
14-Apr-93 Daily File Collection
These files were added or updated between 13-Apr-93 at 21:00:00 {Central}
and 14-Apr-93 at 21:00:27.
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:930414.REL
4/14/93: OZONE DESTROYING CHLORINE EXISTED LONGER IN 92-93 WINTER
Paula Cleggett-Haleim
Headquarters, Washington, D.C. April 14, 1993
James H. Wilson
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
RELEASE: 93-068
Ozone-destroying forms of chlorine existed for much longer in the Arctic
stratosphere this winter than last, say scientists.
Northern Hemisphere ozone abundance also was observed to be some 10
percent below that measured during the same period last year, with some regions
20 percent lower.
Using NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), Dr. Joe Waters
and his colleagues at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, Calif.,
and Edinburgh University, Scotland, have collected daily maps of ozone and
other gases and of temperature in different layers of the stratosphere. One of
their most critical measurements is of chlorine monoxide, a form of chlorine
that destroys ozone. They reported the results in the international scientific
journal Nature.
"Ozone concentrations in the Arctic in a layer about 12 miles (20
kilometers) high, where most chlorine monoxide was located, decreased by 0.7
percent per day from mid-February through early March 1993," Waters said.
Ozone levels normally increase in this area at this time of the year, he added.
Chlorine already in the stratosphere, from chlorofluorocarbons, is
converted to ozone-destroying forms by chemistry occurring on clouds which form
at low temperature.
Last year, the scientists measured large abundances of chlorine monoxide
in the Arctic, but the concentrations decreased after the stratosphere warmed
in late January. This winter, the stratosphere remained cold through February,
and chlorine monoxide remained abundant through early March.
About as much chlorine monoxide was seen in the northern polar regions in
February 1993 as was measured at the South Pole before the 1992 Antarctic ozone
hole formed.
"We do not see a well-defined area of ozone loss that could be described
as an Arctic ozone hole," Waters said, "but the smaller abundances of ozone
seen throughout the Northern Hemisphere this winter raise the question of
whether the chlorine destruction of ozone has been spread over a wider area."
Record low values of ozone also have been reported recently by the World
Meteorological Organization and Environment Canada.
The microwave limb sounder aboard UARS was developed and is operated by
JPL, led by Waters and sponsored by NASA's Office of Mission to Planet Earth.
Additional members are from Edinburgh University, Heriot-Watt University and
the Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory in the United Kingdom.
UARS, launched Sept. 12, 1991, aboard Space Shuttle Discovery, is managed
by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
=--=--=-END-=--=--=
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:930414.SHU
KSC SHUTTLE STATUS 4-14
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER SPACE SHUTTLE STATUS REPORT
Wednesday, April 14, 1993
KSC Contact: Bruce Buckingham
Mission: STS-56/ATLAS-2/SSBUV Orbital altitude: 184 miles
Vehicle: Discovery/OV-103 Inclination: 57 degrees
Mission Duration: 8 days/6 hours Crew size: 5
KSC Landing Date/Time: April 16/approximately 7:33 a.m.
NOTE: The Shuttle Discovery remains on orbit following launch on
April 8 at 1:29 a.m. Landing is scheduled for Friday, April 16,
at KSC. There are two opportunities for landing at KSC on Friday,
7:33 a.m. and 9:06 a.m. There is one KSC landing opportunity on
Saturday at 7:39 a.m.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Mission: STS-55/SL-D2 Orbital Altitude: 184 miles
Vehicle: Columbia/OV-102 Inclination: 28.45 degrees
Location: Launch Pad 39-A Crew Size: 7
Mission Duration: 8 days/22 hours KSC Landing: May 3
Target Launch Date: NET April 24
Launch Window: 10:52 a.m. - 12:22 p.m.
IN WORK TODAY:
* Main engine leak checks
* Continue engine check valve leak checks
* Orbital maneuvering system heater checks
WORK SCHEDULED:
* Preparations to enter spacelab to make final service of experiments
(Thursday)
* External tank purges (Thursday)
* Begin aft engine compartment closeouts (Thursday)
* Close payload bay doors for flight (Friday)
WORK COMPLETED:
* Helium signature leak checks
* Liquid hydrogen cavity purge
* Microwave scanning beam landing system (MSBLS) tests
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Mission: STS-57/Spacehab/EURECA-Retrieval Orbital Alt.: 287 miles
Vehicle: Endeavour/OV-105 Inclination: 28 degrees
Location: Vehicle Assembly Building Crew Size: 6
Mission Duration: 7days/23 hours Target KSC Landing: May 27
Target Launch Date: NET May 19
IN WORK TODAY:
* Shuttle interface test
* SRB hydraulic closeouts
* External tank foaming operations
* Pre-rollout inspections
WORK SCHEDULED:
* Begin main engine installation April 16
* Rollout to pad 39-B targeted for NET April 22
WORK COMPLETED:
* Launch countdown simulation
* Main engine interface inspections
* T-0 umbilical closeouts, leak checks and cavity purge
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
=--=--=-END-=--=--=
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:930414.SKD
Daily News/TV Sked 4/14/93
Daily News
Wednesday, April 14, 1993
Two Independence Square,
Washington, D.C.
Audio Service: 202/358-3014
% STS-56 mission update;
% Computer program to catalog astronomical sky survey.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Early this morning, Discovery's crew performed the standard pre-landing
checkout of the spacecraft and talked with reporters at the Kennedy Space
Center. The flight control systems checkout found Discovery's systems in
excellent condition and found no problems that would affect the landing.
The crew also had the opportunity to speak with interviewers and school
children at Channel One television and Chicago's Museum of Science and Industry
by WGN television.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the California Institute of Technology
(Caltech) announced that they have developed a computer software system to
catalog and analyze the estimated half billion sky objects in the second
Palomar Observatory sky survey.
Caltech astronomer Professor S. Djorgovski said the resulting data set will not
be surpassed in quality or scope for the next decade. Caltech astronomer Nick
Weir and Dr. Usama Fayyad said the Sky Image Cataloging anad Analysis Tool has
a correct sky object classification rate of about 94 percent, which exceeds the
performance requirements of 90 percent needed for accurate scientific analysis
of the data. Dr. Fayyad further states that the best performance of a
commercially available learning algorithm was about 75 percent.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Here's the broadcast schedule for Public Affairs events on NASA TV. Note that
all events and times may change without notice and that all times listed are
Eastern. Live indicates a program is transmitted live.
NASA TV will continue with its 24-hour a day coverage of
the STS-56 mission.
NASA TV is carried on GE Satcom F2R, transponder 13, C-Band, 72 degrees West
Longitude, transponder frequency is 3960 MHz, audio subcarrier is 6.8 MHz,
polarization is vertical.
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
=--=--=-END-=--=--=
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:3_6_2.TXT
NOTE: This file is too large {28294 bytes} for inclusion in this collection.
The first line of the file:
SHUTTLE PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
=--=--=-END-=--=--=
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:6_15_18.TXT
4/14/93: OZONE DESTROYING CHLORINE EXISTED LONGER IN 92-93 WINTER
Paula Cleggett-Haleim
Headquarters, Washington, D.C. April 14, 1993
James H. Wilson
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
RELEASE: 93-068
Ozone-destroying forms of chlorine existed for much longer in the Arctic
stratosphere this winter than last, say scientists.
Northern Hemisphere ozone abundance also was observed to be some 10
percent below that measured during the same period last year, with some regions
20 percent lower.
Using NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), Dr. Joe Waters
and his colleagues at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, Calif.,
and Edinburgh University, Scotland, have collected daily maps of ozone and
other gases and of temperature in different layers of the stratosphere. One of
their most critical measurements is of chlorine monoxide, a form of chlorine
that destroys ozone. They reported the results in the international scientific
journal Nature.
"Ozone concentrations in the Arctic in a layer about 12 miles (20
kilometers) high, where most chlorine monoxide was located, decreased by 0.7
percent per day from mid-February through early March 1993," Waters said.
Ozone levels normally increase in this area at this time of the year, he added.
Chlorine already in the stratosphere, from chlorofluorocarbons, is
converted to ozone-destroying forms by chemistry occurring on clouds which form
at low temperature.
Last year, the scientists measured large abundances of chlorine monoxide
in the Arctic, but the concentrations decreased after the stratosphere warmed
in late January. This winter, the stratosphere remained cold through February,
and chlorine monoxide remained abundant through early March.
About as much chlorine monoxide was seen in the northern polar regions in
February 1993 as was measured at the South Pole before the 1992 Antarctic ozone
hole formed.
"We do not see a well-defined area of ozone loss that could be described
as an Arctic ozone hole," Waters said, "but the smaller abundances of ozone
seen throughout the Northern Hemisphere this winter raise the question of
whether the chlorine destruction of ozone has been spread over a wider area."
Record low values of ozone also have been reported recently by the World
Meteorological Organization and Environment Canada.
The microwave limb sounder aboard UARS was developed and is operated by
JPL, led by Waters and sponsored by NASA's Office of Mission to Planet Earth.
Additional members are from Edinburgh University, Heriot-Watt University and
the Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory in the United Kingdom.
UARS, launched Sept. 12, 1991, aboard Space Shuttle Discovery, is managed
by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
=--=--=-END-=--=--=
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:6_2_18_5.TXT
NOTE: This file is too large {28919 bytes} for inclusion in this collection.
The first line of the file:
- Current Two-Line Element Sets #173 -
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
=--=--=-END-=--=--=
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:6_2_2_44_12_29.TXT
ATLAS 2 Public Affairs Status Report #12
6:00 p.m. CDT, April 13, 1993
5/17:31 MET
Spacelab Mission Operations Control
Marshall Space Flight Center
Huntsville, Alabama
The ATLAS 2 solar instruments completed four orbits of observations
at around 1 p.m. CDT. This was the third of four periods planned
during ATLAS 2 when the Shuttle's cargo bay will be pointed to the
sun. By accumulating data during multiple observation periods,
scientists have more points of comparison to arrive at extremely
precise measurements of the sun's total energy output and how it is
broken down by wavelength. Multiple solar periods also allow them
to study short-term solar variations. All the solar instruments
again collected very high quality data.
Two University of Colorado students participated in science
planning meetings in Huntsville during the last three solar
observation periods. The students represented a Colorado Space
Grant Consortium project, the Solar Ultraviolet Experiment (SUVE),
housed in a Get-Away-Special canister in the Shuttle cargo bay.
Although not part of the ATLAS 2 payload, SUVE is making
observations concurrently with the ATLAS solar instruments. SUVE's
study of extreme ultraviolet solar radiation will complement both
ATLAS and SPARTAN measurements. The experiment was designed,
managed and built at the University of Colorado in Boulder. The
Space Grant Consortium program is funded by NASA to educate
students in the science and engineering aspects of exploring and
working in space.
After the solar period ended, the Shuttle crew maneuvered
Discovery's cargo bay to point toward Earth for the mission's
fourth period of atmospheric observations. For the first three
orbits, the Shuttle has traveled with its nose into the flight path
as it did during the previous atmospheric viewing periods, rather
than tail-first as had been planned. This change allowed an
increased data flow to the ground, making it possible to dump three
additional Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS)
observations from the Spacelab High Data Rate Recorder.
ATMOS Principal Investigator Dr. Mike Gunson gave high praise to
the data management team at Spacelab Mission Operations Control for
their efforts to retrieve a maximum amount of high-rate ATMOS
data. "They explored every possible way to cram every available
recorder with ATMOS observations," said Gunson. The data team has
been scheduling dumps of ATMOS data from the Spacelab recorder as
Tracking and Data Relay Satellite coverage allows. Because the
data is coming down at a rate sixteen times slower than that at
which it was acquired, the scheduling is a fairly complicated
process. However, the team expects to get the majority of ATMOS
observations dumped from the Spacelab recorder by the end of the
mission. ATMOS has reduced the length of observations from four
minutes to two minutes to allow more sunrises and sunsets to be
recorded. The shortened observations will only reach as high as
the the top of the mesosphere. However, because the stratosphere
(the atmospheric layer beneath the mesosphere) is of primary
interest to ATMOS, this change results in relatively little
scientific loss.
The ATMOS experiment team also was pleased to find their onboard
recorder is not full, as they suspected at the end of yesterday's
atmospheric period. Observations will continue to be captured on
the onboard recorder until it has indeed reached capacity. This
morning, Principal Investigator Gunson estimated there may be room
for 10 to 15 more observations on the recorder. ATMOS ground
monitors indicate when the recorder is on or off, but not how much
of the tape has been used.
On the fourth atmospheric orbit, beginning at around 6 p.m., the
Shuttle will turn with its tail to the flight path. This
reorientation will allow the Millimeter-Wave Atmospheric Sounder
(MAS), positioned on the left side of the cargo bay, to take
readings of the Northern Hemisphere polar region as the
stratosphere makes the critical transition from winter. The MAS
team gave up three of 23 scheduled North-viewing orbits to allow
the extra ATMOS downlinks, in what Mission Scientist Dr. Tim Miller
termed an example of "scientific altruism." MAS looked toward the
South during the three earlier atmospheric sessions. The
instrument only pointed toward the South for a small portion of its
ATLAS 1 observations.
The MAS team has decided to forego some calibrations planned for
the remainder of the flight, since a calibration mirror proved
difficult to move out of their antenna's field of view after an
early-morning calibration. The change will complicate post-flight
calibration somewhat, but it is not expected to have a significant
impact on the accuracy of their data.
Science teams and payload controllers at Marshall are considering
the best ways to use any additional experiment time, should it
become available due to a weather-related landing delay.
The current, 26-orbit atmospheric period will continue until early
Thursday morning.
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
=--=--=-END-=--=--=
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:6_2_2_44_12_30.TXT
STS-56 Status Report #17
MISSION CONTROL CENTER
Wednesday, April 14, 1993, 5:30 a.m. CDT
Discovery's crew performed a standard pre-landing checkout of their spacecraft
and then talked with reporters at the Kennedy Space Center during an early
morning press conference.
Commander Ken Cameron and Pilot Steve Oswald went through a normal hour and a
half checkout of the equipment Discovery will use for its return home to the
Kennedy Space Center on Friday. The flight control systems checkout found
Discovery's systems in excellent condition with no problems that would affect
the return to Earth.
At about 4:09 a.m. CDT, Discovery's crew talked with members of the press at
Kennedy. During the 20-minute session, crew members discussed their views of
Earth, their sighting and contact with the Russian Mir Space Station, their
impressions of increased cooperation with Russia in space, and their
atmospheric work and other experiments aboard Discovery.
Earlier in the morning, Cameron and the rest of the crew received a television
transmisssion of Mission Control by a ham radio experiment on the shuttle. It
was the second such transmission the crew reported having seen. As it took
place, flight controllers watched the crew's reaction by standard television
sent from the spacecraft.
Discovery's crew will speak with interviewers and school children at Channel
One television at about 10:14 a.m. central today and with Chicago's Museum of
Science and Industry by WGN television at 11:54 a.m. central.
Discovery remains in a 160 by 156 nautical mile orbit, circling Earth once each
90 minutes.
*******
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
=--=--=-END-=--=--=
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:6_2_2_44_12_31.TXT
STS-56 MCC Status Report #18
MISSION CONTROL CENTER
STS-56 Status Report #18
Wednesday, April 14, 1993, 2 p.m. CDT
Science data gathering in support of the ATLAS instruments in Discovery's
payload bay continued throughout the day, while crew members took part in
several in-flight special events.
Several successful ham radio contacts were made today with the Franklin
Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Wilson Junior High School in El
Centro, California. Additional contacts are planned throughout tonight.
One container of the rodent experiment automatically switched from night to day
at one point. Commander Ken Cameron manually activated the light. The
experiment now is operating normally.
Operations with the HERCULES precise targeting camera equipment also continued
throughout the day in parallel with ATLAS observations.
Mission Specialist Ellen Ochoa took time out to discuss the flight with school
children in California and Mississippi during an interview with Channel 1, a
daily newscast for junior and senior high school students. In a second
interview, Ochoa talked with students at Chicago's Museum of Science and
Technology.
Discovery currently is circling the Earth every 90 minutes at an altitude of
160 nautical miles.
* * *
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
=--=--=-END-=--=--=
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:6_2_2_44_12_32.TXT
ATLAS 2 STATUS #13
ATLAS 2 Public Affairs Status Report #13
6:00 a.m. CDT, April 14, 1993
6/05:31 MET
Spacelab Mission Operations Control
Marshall Space Flight Center
Huntsville, Alabama
During its sixth night in orbit, the second Atmospheric Laboratory
for Applications and Science (ATLAS 2) payload gathered data about
the relationship between the Earth and sun. Scientists from the
U.S., Belgium, Germany, France, The Netherlands and Switzerland are
participating in this Spacelab mission, an integral part of NASA's
Mission to Planet Earth.
While atmospheric instruments were taking advantage of their fourth
observation period, Mission Specialist Michael Foale performed an
in-flight maintenance procedure that temporarily corrected a
problem with the on-board Global Positioning System (GPS). The
GPS, designed to indicate an object's position in space, is being
flown and evaluated for the first time on a Spacelab mission.
After landing, scientists will look at the information from GPS to
help confirm the orbiter's position during their data-collection
periods.
The Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) instrument
continued to observe orbital sunsets and sunrises to identify and
measure molecules and their vertical distribution in the
atmosphere, and the device acquired good spectral data on key types
of these molecules (i.e. chlorine nitrate) that it was intended to
measure as part of its science objectives. During the night, this
instrument also viewed the sun with no atmosphere. This procedure
provides a solar reference for calibrating the ATMOS equipment.
Once the ATMOS dedicated recorder becomes full, the observation
periods will be shortened from four minutes to two minutes,
allowing the instrument to view the stratosphere (the primary
target for this investigation), the mesosphere, but not the
thermosphere. Once the recorder is filled to capacity, the data
collected during these two-minute observations will later be
selectively captured on the Spacelab High Data Rate Recorder. The
ATMOS science team, working from the Spacelab Mission Operations
Control center in Huntsville, Ala., closely monitored the remaining
storage capacity of the Spacelab recorder to ensure the maximum
number of atmospheric measurements would be available for analysis
after landing.
Overnight, the Millimeter-wave Atmospheric Sounder (MAS), a joint
investigation for Germany, Switzerland and the United States,
continued to operate with its Hot Target calibration mirror locked
in the "out" position. This allowed data acquisition but will make
post-flight analysis somewhat more complicated. However, data
quality appears to be as good as that obtained in nominal mode, and
the device measured the amounts of chlorine monoxide in the
atmosphere during the daylight portions of the orbits. During the
dark, or shadowed, portion of the orbits, this instrument scanned
the atmosphere, measuring molecules that were present at different
altitudes, using what is known as a stepped-pointing mode.
Two other instruments of the ATLAS 2 payload operated overnight,
helping scientists to measure the amount of solar radiation that
bounces back from the top of the Earth's atmosphere.
The Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SSBUV) experiment
measured ultraviolet radiation as part of an investigation into the
amount of ozone present in our atmosphere. During the fourth run
of an experimental SSBUV procedure, sulfur dioxide readings were
made as the orbiter passed over industrialized areas of Japan.
SSBUV Mission Manager, Mr. Don Williams, reported that the amount
of data collected so far for ATLAS 2 has surpassed the volume of
data that was collected during ATLAS 1 in 1992.
The Solar Spectrum Measurement (SOLSPEC) instrument, which measures
solar radiation in the ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared
wavelengths in conjunction with its sister instrument aboard the
European Retrievable Carrier (EURECA) satellite, viewed the Earth
during this atmospheric observation period. Although primarily a
solar instrument, SOLSPEC took advantage of the Earth-viewing
position of the orbiter to record ultraviolet and visible light as
it scattered back from the atmosphere. This data will be combined
with information from SOLSPEC's solar observations to determine
concentrations of trace gases in the atmosphere.
The next 12 hour period will be dedicated to continued atmospheric
observations by the ATMOS, MAS, SSBUV and SOLSPEC instruments.
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
=--=--=-END-=--=--=
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:6_2_2_44_7.TXT
STS-56 Keplerian Elements/State Vector
STS-56 element set GSFC-021 (orbit 97)
STS-56
1 22621U 93 23 A 93104.25176571 0.00045467 00000-0 13024-3 0 216
2 22621 57.0049 151.0369 0003961 279.5591 80.5039 15.92828848 978
Satellite: STS-56
Catalog number: 22621
Epoch time: 93104.25176571 (14 APR 93 06:02:32.56 UTC)
Element set: GSFC-021
Inclination: 57.0049 deg
RA of node: 151.0369 deg Space Shuttle Flight STS-56
Eccentricity: 0.0003961 Keplerian Elements
Arg of perigee: 279.5591 deg
Mean anomaly: 80.5039 deg
Mean motion: 15.92828848 rev/day Semi-major Axis: 6672.5032 Km
Decay rate: 0.45E-03 rev/day*2 Apogee Alt: 296.76 Km
Epoch rev: 97 Perigee Alt: 291.47 Km
NOTE - This element set is based on NORAD element set # 021.
The spacecraft has been propagated to the next ascending
node, and the orbit number has been adjusted to bring it
into agreement with the NASA numbering convention.
R.A. Parise, Goddard Space Flight Center
G.L.CARMAN
STS-56 Flight Day 6 Vector
STS-56
FLIGHT DAY 6 STATE VECTOR (ACTUAL)
ON ORBIT OPERATIONS
(Posted 04/13/93 by Bruce Williamson)
The following vector for the flight of STS-56 is provided by NASA
Johnson Space Center Flight Design and Dynamics Division for use in
ground track plotting programs. The vector is valid for flight
day six. The vector represents the trajectory of Discovery after
completion of the SPARTAN rendezvous. Questions regarding these
postings may be addressed to Don Pearson, Mail Code DM4, L. B. J.
Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, Telephone (713) 483-8052.
Lift off Time : 1993/098/05:28:59.950
Lift off Date : 04/08/93
Vector Time (GMT) : 103/16:58:59.950
Vector Time (MET) : 005/11:30:00.000
Orbit Count : 88
Weight : 221270.0 LBS
Drag Coefficient : 2.00
Drag Area : 5000.0 SQ FT
M50 Elements Keplerian Elements
----------------------- --------------------------
X = 4769886.8 FT A = 3600.7239 NM
Y = -14104573.4 FT E = 0.0006550
Z = 16034817.8 FT I (M50) = 57.10113 DEG
Xdot = 22767.280310 FT/S Wp (M50) = 16.17316 DEG
Ydot = -4129.428495 FT/S RAAN (M50) = 152.84509 DEG
Zdot = -10382.843003 FT/S / N (True) = 103.04561 DEG
Anomalies \ M (Mean) = 102.97248 DEG
Ha = 160.39550 NM
Hp = 156.61930 NM
Mean of 1950 (M50) : Inertial, right-handed Cartesian system whose
Coordinate System origin is the center of the earth. The epoch
is the beginning of the Besselian year 1950.
X axis: Mean vernal equinox of epoch
Z axis: Earth's mean rotational axis of epoch
Y axis: Completes right-hand system
A: Semi-major axis
E: Eccentricity N: True anomaly
I: Inclination M: Mean anomaly
Wp: Argument of perigee Ha: Height of apogee
RAAN: Right ascension of ascending node Hp: Height of perigee
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
=--=--=-END-=--=--=
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:6_8_4_9_33.TXT
Mars Observer Status 4-14-93
PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIF. 91109.
MARS OBSERVER MISSION STATUS
April 14, 1993
All spacecraft subsystems are performing well as Mars Observer heads for a
rendezvous with the Red Planet on Aug. 24, 1993.
The spacecraft experienced a slight attitude change on Friday, April 9, when an
internal software test failed and erroneously indicated that inertial reference
had been lost. When this happened, on-board fault protection initiated a
"contingency mode," which automatically switched spacecraft communications from
the high-gain to the low-gain antenna. Data rates and power consumption were
reduced, and the solar arrays were repositioned to a more favorable orientation
toward the sun.
The incident has occurred before and ground controllers understand it. No
hardware problems are involved and the spacecraft performed flawlessly in
switching to the contingency mode. A command sequence to modify on-board
software will be uplinked in late May. Meanwhile, the spacecraft was returned
to normal cruise configuration late Tuesday, April 13. A magnetometer
calibration sequence that would have occurred during the recovery period was
postponed until May.
The camera team began a series of narrow-angle and wide- angle imaging tests on
Tuesday afternoon, and photographed Jupiter while it was in the camera's field
of view Tuesday night. The camera tests were executed by non-stored sequence
commands that were closely coordinated by instrument, spacecraft and ground
operations teams.
The gravitational wave experiment using Mars Observer and two other
interplanetary spacecraft -- Galileo and Ulysses -- also concluded this week,
on Monday, April 12, at about 1:20 a.m. Pacific Daylight Time. The radio
science team will spend a minimum of six months analyzing the data. Results
may be forthcoming by fall or winter 1993.
Today the Mars Observer spacecraft is about 25 million kilometers (15 million
miles) from Mars and 178 million kilometers (111 million miles) from Earth. The
spacecraft is traveling at a velocity of about 8,200 kilometers per hour (5,000
miles per hour) with respect to Mars.
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
=--=--=-END-=--=--=
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:9_10_8.TXT
M I C R O G R A V I T Y D E M O N S T R A T O R
SUBJECT: Space Flight
TOPIC: Free fall
DESCRIPTION: A water stream coming out of a hole in a styrofoam cup
stops when the cup is dropped.
MATERIALS: Styrofoam coffee cup
Pencil or other pointed object
Water
Bucket or other water catch basin
PROCEDURES: 1. Punch a small hole in the side of a styrofoam cup
near its bottom.
2. Hold your thumb over the hole as you fill the cup
with water. Ask students what will happen if you
remove your thumb.
3. Remove your thumb and let the water stream out into
the catch basin on the floor.
____________
[ ]
\ /
\ /
\____o_/
|
:
|
4. Again seal the hole with your thumb and refill the
the cup. Ask students if the water will fall out of
the hole if you drop the cup as you remove your
thumb.
5. Drop the filled cup into the catch basin.
| | | |
| | | |
| | | | |
___________
[ ]
\ /
\ /
\___o_/
DISCUSSION: The microgravity that astronauts experience inside the Space
Shuttle is really NOT zero-G at all. Zero-G implies
that gravitional pull in space is zero. This is not
the case. Astronauts "float" in space because they
are in a state of free fall produced by their orbital
motions around the Earth. Astronauts and their space-
craft are falling together. The condition is better
described as "freefall" because a bathroom
scale inside the Shuttle would not record any weight
for an astronaut standing on it. The scale would be
falling too.
The falling styrofoam cup demonstrates microgravity
(or freefall) for a brief period of time. When station-
ary, water freely pours out of the cup. If the cup
falls too, the water remains inside the cup for the
entire fall. Even though the water remains inside, it
is still attracted to the Earth by gravity and it ends
up in the same place that the water from the first
experiment did.
---
Contributed by Dale Bremmer, NASA/AESP
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
=--=--=-END-=--=--=
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:9_3_14.TXT
M I C R O G R A V I T Y D E M O N S T R A T O R
SUBJECT: Space Flight
TOPIC: Free fall
DESCRIPTION: A water stream coming out of a hole in a styrofoam cup
stops when the cup is dropped.
MATERIALS: Styrofoam coffee cup
Pencil or other pointed object
Water
Bucket or other water catch basin
PROCEDURES: 1. Punch a small hole in the side of a styrofoam cup
near its bottom.
2. Hold your thumb over the hole as you fill the cup
with water. Ask students what will happen if you
remove your thumb.
3. Remove your thumb and let the water stream out into
the catch basin on the floor.
____________
[ ]
\ /
\ /
\____o_/
|
:
|
4. Again seal the hole with your thumb and refill the
the cup. Ask students if the water will fall out of
the hole if you drop the cup as you remove your
thumb.
5. Drop the filled cup into the catch basin.
| | | |
| | | |
| | | | |
___________
[ ]
\ /
\ /
\___o_/
DISCUSSION: Microgravity that astronauts experience inside the Space
Shuttle is really NOT zero-G at all. Zero-G implies
that gravitional pull in space is zero. This is not
the case. Astronauts "float" in space because they
are in a state of free fall produced by their orbital
motions around the Earth. Astronauts and their space-
craft are falling together. The condition is better
described as "freefall" because a bathroom
scale inside the Shuttle would not record any weight
for an astronaut standing on it. The scale would be
falling too.
The falling styrofoam cup demonstrates microgravity
(or freefall) for a brief period of time. When station-
ary, water freely pours out of the cup. If the cup
falls too, the water remains inside the cup for the
entire fall. Even though the water remains inside, it
is still attracted to the Earth by gravity and it ends
up in the same place that the water from the first
experiment did.
---
Contributed by Dale Bremmer, NASA/AESP
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
=--=--=-END-=--=--=
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